The prize was awarded to three scientists James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for two studies in cosmology and exoplanets.
Three scientists have won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics. Photo: Twitter.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences at 4:55 p.m., October 8 (Hanoi time) announced the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics belonging to scientists James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. The three scientists will share a prize money of more than $900,000 for two research projects considered “contributions to the understanding of the evolution of the universe and the place of the Earth in the universe”.
Researcher James Peebles has built a theoretical basis for cosmology, and Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz have discovered exoplanets orbiting a Sun-like star.
James Peebles from Princeton University (USA) specializes in the universe with billions of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. His work improves understanding of the structure and history of the universe, laying the foundations of cosmology over the past 50 years. The Big Bang model describes how the universe evolved over nearly 14 billion years from a hot, dense sphere to the vast, cold, and ever-expanding universe it is today.
Nearly 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the dark universe gradually became transparent, allowing light to travel through space. Today, radiation remains the cosmic microwave background and contains much information about the early universe.
With theoretical and computational tools, Peebles deciphered the remnants of the early universe and discovered many new processes. He discovered that we only know about 5% of the visible universe in terms of stars, planets and people. The other 95% is dark energy and dark matter as physicists call it. Dark energy is the driving force behind the expansion of the universe while invisible dark matter appears to hover around galaxies, recognizable only by gravity.
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz from the University of Geneva (Switzerland) explore the neighborhoods of the solar system in the Milky Way. In October 1995, they found a gas giant orbiting the star 51 Pegasi 50 light years from Earth. Using specialized equipment, they observed the Jupiter-like planet 51 Pegasi b from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in southern France. It is the first exoplanet discovered around a main-sequence star, the type of star that fuses hydrogen atoms together to form a helium atom at its core. Main sequence stars, including the Sun, are the most common types of stars in the universe.
Their discovery revolutionized astronomy. Since then, more than 4,000 exoplanets have been discovered in the Milky Way, varying in size, morphology and orbit.
Since Alfred Nobel established the prize, 112 Nobel Prizes in Physics have been awarded to 209 scientists. John Bardeen is the only researcher to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice, in 1956 and 1972. The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm.
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to researchers Arthur Ashkin (USA), Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland (Canada) for their groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics. Strickland of the University of Waterloo, Ontario, became the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics since Maria Goeppert Mayer received the honor in 1963. She is the third woman in history to win the Nobel Prize in physical.
The Nobel is an international award established by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm in 1901 based on the ownership of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor and businessman.
The prize is awarded annually to individuals and organizations with outstanding contributions in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, literature and peace.
In 1968, the Central Bank of Sweden established the Bank of Sweden Prize for Economic Sciences in Memory of Nobel, also known as the Nobel Prize in Economics. Each prize consists of a medal, a personal certificate and a bonus. From 1901 to 2017, the prize has been awarded 585 times to 923 individuals and organizations around the world.
Theo Vnexpress
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