Until now, the sun has always been a mysterious star that we cannot reach due to its terrible heat.
Scientists believe that in the future, through the development of science and technology, we will be able to reach the Sun. So when astronauts land on the Sun, what will they see on this star?
How to get closer to the Sun?
Many people compare the Sun to a giant ball of fire that warms humanity. This is indeed so, because in Where the Sun’s lowest temperature is found, it also reaches 5,504 degrees Celsius.. It is also the heat threshold that can burn almost all materials in the world.
The place where the Sun’s temperature is lowest is 5,504 degrees Celsius.
The place where the Sun’s temperature is lowest is 5,504 degrees Celsius. (Photo: NASA)
Current astronaut protective suits are not designed to last in deep space, according to Mr. Ralph McNutt, an engineer working at NASA. Specifically, they can only withstand temperatures of 120 degrees Celsius. If the temperature outside the space is above 120 degrees Celsius, this protective suit will turn into a sauna and the wearer will dehydrate to the point of death. Thus, man only has to travel the distance of 4.8 million kilometers from the Sun and will immediately turn into dust.
If we choose to fly to the Sun in a space shuttle, humanity will be able to get closer. Because carbon-carbon reinforced thermal panels (RCC) of the Space Shuttle allows it to withstand external temperatures of up to nearly 2,600 degrees Celsius. If the entire spacecraft is covered with this reinforced thermal layer, astronauts can approach the Sun at a distance of 2 million kilometers. But at this point, the ship’s protective layer will quickly be damaged and the astronauts will also have to turn around.
NASA tried it Parker solar probe dive into the Sun’s atmosphere to sample corona particles. It was launched in 2018 and made 7 flybys of the Sun before diving into the corona during its eighth flyby on April 28, 2021. The Parker probe was 13 million kilometers from the center of the Sun during its first pass through the crown.
Parker was 13 million kilometers from the center of the Sun when it first passed through the corona.
With temperatures this high, humans only need to travel 3 million miles from the Sun and they will immediately turn to dust. (Photo: NASA)
The Parker ship is protected by 4.5-inch-thick ceramic-coated carbon composite thermal armor, allowing it to withstand heat of up to 1,377 degrees Celsius, enough to withstand the approach of the Sun at a distance of 6.16 degrees Celsius. almost 7 times the record of 43 million km achieved by the Helios 2 spacecraft in 1976. To overcome the enormous gravitational force of the Sun, the craft must hurtle through space at a speed of 692,000 km/hour.
With what the Parker ship has done, humans can absolutely hope that in the future we will land on the surface of the Sun. So what will humans see there?
What’s inside the Sun?
As stated above, when we approach the Sun, the first thing we encounter is crown. Corona (or crown) is a ring of light emitted from space around the Sun. This region has a low density of matter, scatters electromagnetic radiation from the Sun, and produces faint light, which can be observed when the Sun itself is obscured during a total solar eclipse. The corona reaches 1 million degrees Celsius, while the Sun’s photosphere (what we usually see with the naked eye) reaches almost 5,500 degrees Celsius.
The temperature of the corona reaches 1 million degrees Celsius, while the solar photosphere is only about 5,500 degrees Celsius.
The temperature of the corona reaches 1 million degrees Celsius, while the Sun’s photosphere is only about 5,500 degrees Celsius. (Photo: NASA)
After crossing the corona we will arrive photosphere of the Sun. This is the visible surface of the Sun. After decades of research, scientists believe that, The temperature of the photosphere is still estimated at around 6,000°C. The photosphere is about 100 km thick and it is on this basis that all sunlight is radiated. Solar activities often occur in the photosphere plasma movement This, in the convection region, creates powerful magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are then attracted by convection from the interior of the Sun and enter its visible surface in the form of sunspots.
By crossing the photosphere, we have actually reached the interior of the Sun. The first stop is convection zone. After a distance of approximately 200,000 km (15 times the diameter of the Earth), we reach the second stage, which is radiation area. This region of the Sun has The temperature is 2 million degrees Celsius. If every light particle can be seen, it is called photon particles, we will see them jump between tiny particles called atoms, forming plasma. This region temperatures of up to 15 million degrees Celsius.
The interior of the Sun’s core is considered pink.
The interior of the Sun’s core is considered pink. (Photo: NASA)
Finally, there is the core of the Sun. But to enter this zone, we must shrink ourselves to the size of an atom. Because only in this way can we see the atoms inside the core of the Sun, which are millions of times smaller than a grain of sand. These are hydrogen atoms, the lightest element in the universe. The intense pressure and heat brought these atoms so close together that they combined to form new, heavier atoms. It is nuclear fusion reaction. Hydrogen atoms combine to form a completely new substance called helium. And the interior of the Sun’s core will have a very beautiful pink color.
Article source: Fatherland
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Until now, the sun has always been a mysterious star that we cannot reach due to its terrible heat.
